Tag: Magdalen Hall

Astronomy and Alchemy in Hertford’s Manuscript Collection

Post author By Alice
Post date 27 May 2024

While the rare books are stored off site during Hertford’s major library re-development, rare books expert Sophie Floate takes a further look into our manuscript collection, most of which are currently housed at the Bodleian Library. Several of the items there are on broadly astrological or alchemical themes, some of which are quite strange. Ranging in date from the 15^th to the 18^th centuries, and given by various alumni, they cover an eclectic mix of subjects!

MS 3: 15th century Arabic texts in translation

MS 3 is a collection of Latin translations of mainly Arabic texts; the manuscript was probably written in the second half of the 15^th century but is of uncertain origin. The texts themselves are mainly those of the polymath Thābit ibn Qurra, born in Mesopotamia in approximately 826 or 836 CE. He wrote extensively on mathematics, medicine and astronomy, though only a few of his works have survived. The texts in this manuscript are some of his own work and some based on Ptolemy and al-Farghani’s theories relating to astronomy, including discussion of celestial lines, the distances and sizes of the heavenly bodies. Some of the texts (for example De motu octavae spharae on the now-obsolete theory of the oscillation of the equinoxes) may in fact have been written by others, including his own grandson Ibrahim ibn Sinan. The other texts are on similar subjects, including tables used for computing the position of the sun, moon and planets relative to the fixed stars.

Hertford MS3 f19r: part of ‘Regulae astrologicae de motibus caelestibus’

The manuscript is written on parchment and seems to consist of several different hands, so perhaps were collected together at a later date. The manuscript has an inscription at head and foot of the first folio:

“Liber Aulæ Magd: Oxon: 1673. Ex dono Nath: Freind de Westerly in agro Glocestrensi”.

Hertford MS 3 f1r: donation note in the standard early modern Magdalen Hall style

Hertford MS 3 record in Medieval Manuscripts in Oxford Libraries catalogue

Nathaniell Freind is probably the same man who was schoolmaster of Westerleigh Endowed School in Gloucestershire from 1662-1687.¹ He doesn’t appear to have matriculated at Oxford, though he is listed as subscriber to the publication of Anthony Wood’s Athenae Oxoniensis, printed in 1692. He wrote a brief life of his brother John, detailing how he and John had fought for the Parliamentarians at Cirencester and were taken prisoner and held at Oxford. He also wrote some touching memorials to his son (also John) and one of his daughters, Sarah. The words he wrote about Sarah are particularly moving since she died aged only 5 years old. His son John had matriculated at St Edmund Hall in 1672 and Freind has pasted into this book cut-out signatures from John’s letters to him, which he has reproduced in manuscript, as John also died young. The volume is now in the Bodleian Library (MS. Top. Oxon. f.31).² A few books from Freind’s library are now in other institutions, for example, a copy of Copernicus’ De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (“On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres”) in John Ryland’s library.

Hertford MS 4: astrology and urine

MS 4 is another collection of texts, in different hands, and all probably copied in the 15^th century. They are broadly astrological in content, including Johannes de Sacrobosco’s De sphaera mundi (On the sphere of the world), William Rede’s Canones tabularum and a catalogue of constellations by Bernard of Parma. The third work is by William of Marseille – De urina non visa (On unseen urine). William was a physician at a time when a popular way to diagnose illness was to examine urine. However, William’s treatise suggests checking the configuration of the sky at the time of the consultation instead. It proved to be a popular work and much copied.

Hertford MS 4 f44v: William of Marseille’s De urina non visa

This volume is unusual for its quire guards, also know as sewing guards. 14 leaves of parchment have been palimpsested in order to be used as quire guards to protect the paper manuscripts, as discussed by Hannah Ryley in her article ‘Constructive Parchment Destruction in Medieval Manuscripts’.³ This is a process of re-using parchment by removing the text written on it – usually by scraping the ink off with a knife. Sometimes parchment treated in this way would be used again for writing, but in this case, the now-blank leaves were used as guards to protect the manuscript texts (which are written on paper) within the volume.

Hertford MS 4 f42v: palimpsested parchment

Hertford College MS 4 record in Medieval Manuscripts in Oxford’s Libraries catalogue

Hertford MS 7: 18^th century alchemy

MS 7 is a curious item. Written much later than the two previous manuscripts, possibly in a juvenile hand, this work entitled Coronatio Naturae (Crowning of Nature) is an alchemical work probably compiled in the 18^th century.

The text of the Coronatio Naturae had been circulating since the 16^th century, usually accompanied by illustrations depicting an alchemical vessel, various symbolic figures (lions, toads, birds, angels, trees, moon and star) shown dissolving, evaporating and in various ways transforming into different substances.⁴

Handwritten title page in black ink beginning 'Coronation naturae / sive / doctrina de suma medicina / 67. Hieroglyphicis expliocator per / anonymum.' — Hertford MS 7 (click each image to expand)

Book opening showing a hand drawn image of 7 circles surrounding a yellow star. At the centre of the start are two concentric grey and white circles. The surrounding 7 circles each contain a red circle and yellow stars with many zodiac symbols and notes in Latin. At the top of the page is a banner with Cha[x?]s Veterum written in black ink. To the left of the image is a book weight running from top to bottom. — Hertford MS 7 (click each image to expand)

Frustratingly, we do not know at present how this manuscript came to Hertford, but further work into the history of the library collections may throw up clues.

Footnotes

1. For another example of a book owned by Nathaniel Freind see: Hartshorne, Steven. “A Revolution in Print” Rylands Blog (blog). 19 February 2023, https://rylandscollections.com/2023/02/19/a-revolution-in-print/.

2. Record for MS. Top. Oxon. f.31 in Manuscripts and Archives at Oxford University: https://marco.ox.ac.uk/ark:29072/x02r36tz006q

3. Ryley, Hannah. “Constructive Parchment Destruction in Medieval Manuscripts”, Book 2.0, 7(1) (2017): 9–19, https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:89b3c490-c489-4952-82c1-18d162fd25bf.

4. For another example of a ‘Crowning of Nature’ at Cambridge see: Type & Forme. “Alchemy at Cambridge University Library: The Crowning of Nature.” Accessed 27 May 2024. https://www.typeandforme.com/index.php/2021/05/03/alchemy-at-cambridge-university-library-the-crowning-of-nature/.

Magdalen Hall to Hertford College: The Early Days of the Boat Club

Post author By Lucy
Post date 20 February 2024

The first accession of 2024 is a Secretary’s Book for Magdalen Hall Boat Club, starting in 1868 and ending in1880. It is a handsome volume in good condition, covered with parchment and fastened with a metal clasp. It is unique in covering the period of transition as Magdalen Hall was incorporated as Hertford College in 1874 and a new Boat Club was formed in 1875.

‘Seven Hundred Years of an Oxford College (Hertford College, 1284-1984) ed. Andrew Goudie (1999) contains a short article on the early history of the Hertford Boat Club which refers to a lost Secretary’s Book known as ‘The Old Book’. The introduction in the second Secretary’s Book, written by the then Secretary Edward Buck, summarises the earlier history of the Club as recorded in the lost volume. From these details it seems that our recently acquired item is the missing first Secretary’s Book.

There are few entries for the years 1868 to 1875 and the Magdalen Hall Boat Club does not seem to have been particularly busy or indeed successful. In 1871 they competed in the Summer Eights race and did manage to bump St Edmund’s Hall, noting that this was the first bump made by Magdalen Hall for 20 years.

The first entry in the Secretary’s Book recording a Fours Race in May Term 1868

There are a number of blank pages left after the Summer term in 1874 and the entries do not start again until summer term 1875, after the changeover from Magdalen Hall to Hertford College:

At the first full meeting of the Club in autumn 1875 the main business seemed to be choosing the new Club colours of crimson and white. There is much discussion of what rate the Club subscriptions should be set at, and whether they should ‘in future subscribe to Clasper instead of Salter’ for boat maintenance. More importantly by the next Eights Week in May 1876 the Secretary recorded that the new crew had improved considerably and risen four places. By November 1877 a long held wish had been fulfilled with the acquisition of a new College barge.

Henry Disney & Edward Buck

Below is one of the earliest photographs in the College archives, taken in 1879 and showing a group of undergraduates. Two of these students, Henry William Disney and Edward Buck, were dedicated members of the Boat Club Committee and rowed in numerous competitions for the College and University. Henry Disney is seated 2nd from the left on the middle row and Edward Buck is at the far right hand end of the same row. Richard Dawson, who is standing on the back row, was also a member of the Boat Club Committee and appears in many of the crew lists.

Hertford College Group, 1879 [Hertford College Archives]

Edward Buck matriculated at Hertford College in 1876, a brilliant mathematician who won the Herschel Astronomy Prize in 1881. He was Treasurer and Secretary of the Boat Club for most of his time as an undergraduate and for a period subsequently. He went onto become a schoolmaster, working in Barbados for a number of years, but eventually at Christ’s Hospital in Horsham. He continued a close personal connection with the College for many years.

Henry William Disney matriculated at Hertford in 1877, also studying mathematics and taking his BA in 1880. He was a musician and keen sportsman, taking part in athletics as well as many rowing activities. In April 1879 he rowed for Oxford in the Boat Race against Cambridge University, the first member of Hertford College to do so. He went on to become a Barrister at Lincoln’s Inn in 1884 and published several legal textbooks, including ‘The Law of Carriage by Railway’ and ‘The Elements of Commercial Law’.

The Secretary’s Book records that Disney was elected Captain and Buck the Treasurer of the Club in the Autumn term of 1878. The following year (1879) Disney was re-elected as Captain and Buck became the Club Secretary. Disney was one of the Oxford team which competed unsuccessfully in the University Boat Race that year. Buck had more success, being on the winning crew of the University Boat Race in 1881, along with two other Hertford men.

Disney and Buck continued their connection with Hertford long after they graduated. Disney’s own son, Anthony, matriculated at Hertford in 1922 and was Secretary of the Club from 1922 to 1924. Buck continued his involvement with the Boat Club for many years, and the College Magazines record that the ‘Old Oxford Blue Mr Buck’ was still coaching the rowing crews well into the 1920s.

Building on Success

The years after the formation of the new Boat Club demonstrate how much the Club had improved its performance since the old Magdalen Hall days, encouraged by the enthusiastic support of Principal Henry Boyd. The races held during Eights Week in May 1878 shows the Club rising steadily up the ranks:

Bumps Chart showing the progress of the Eights Week races, contained in the Secretary’s Book

‘It is hardly possible to comment on the success of this eight. We never had a hard race, and there is no doubt we could have gone up many more places had there been more nights, as we were universally allowed to be one of the best and fastest eights on the river. A great deal of our success was due to the pains taken by Mr Lamb in coaching us, & to the assistance given him by Mr Jackson. To both these gentlemen the Boat Club owes its best thanks. We rowed in a new boat built for us by Clasper which suited us admirably’
Secretary’s Book, Minutes for Summer Term 1878

Flushed with success, in the summer of 1878 the committee decided that the members had improved enough to send a crew, including Disney, to the Henley Regatta. It’s possible that their earlier success in the Summer Eights race meant that they overestimated their abilities; as their luck ran out on the second day of the Regatta, resulting in an ignominious finish to the race. This was due in no small part to a poor choice of crew members, who struggled towards the end of their race with Columbia College:

‘Here Fenner who was very much overstrained, & indeed ought never to have rowed in this race, either fainted or lost his head, and ran them into the bank’.
Secretary’s Book, Minutes for Summer 1878

The newspaper account of the Regatta, carefully pasted into the Secretary’s book, puts it rather more kindly:

Head of the River 1881

The last entries in the Secretary’s Book finish in the Autumn term of 1880 but the Club continued onwards and upwards, culminating in their triumphant success in Eights Week of May 1881. Edward Buck rowed for the winning team although sadly for Disney he had already graduated and left Oxford by this point. Principal Boyd could not resist sending off a telegram to his friend John Egerton and former member of Brasenose to announce Hertford’s prowess. Egerton was not impressed at such a lack of tact:

‘I wonder whether you expect me to thank you for sending me that wretched telegram on Saturday night… the bump having taken place at the winning post I could have inferred for myself the fact of a fine race without being reminded of it by a telegraph boy.

I must be content that we have been bumped by Hertford College & not by “Magg’len ‘all” – I cannot well imagine a greater testimonial to the change which has come over the latter institution in its improved condition under your care, than the fact of your boat being second and probably head. Now that our chance of leadership is gone, I would sooner see you head than any other college – so if you do go up, I will in spirit join your bump supper in an extra good cup of tea. If you don’t go up I must console myself with the reflection that you probably will be more disappointed by the blight of your fond hopes, than rejoiced by the fact of having bumped Brasenose.’
Letter from John C Egerton to Principal Henry Boyd, 23 May 1881 [Hertford College Archives]

A postcard sent to Disney announced the news and summoned him back to Oxford to ‘make a row’:

Postcard sent to Henry Disney on 23 May 1881, enclosed in the Secretary’s Book [Hertford College Archives]

It’s safe to assume that Disney and Buck were present at the celebrations, including fireworks and a large bonfire whereby the students ‘burnt their boats’, which took place in Hertford Quad on the night of Wed 25th May. Quite apart from the perceived danger of fire spreading to the Radcliffe Camera and the Bodleian, the Brasenose crew who had broken into Hertford knocked down the College Porter. Principal Boyd seems to have taken a lenient view of the students’ activities, as he explained in subsequent telegrams to Egerton. Egerton himself wrote that he was sure the Brasenose crew only wanted to congratulate the winners, although he hoped that they were not drunk and had apologised to the Porter.

We are delighted to have acquired this volume for the College archives. The lost Secretary’s Book fills an important gap in our existing collections and is a lovely illustration of College life during this significant period of change for Magdalen Hall and Hertford College.

Tags Boat Club, Magdalen Hall, Old members, Rowing

Rare books

Library Treasure

Post author By Alice
Post date 23 January 2024

Hertford College Library’s Michaelmas Term 2023 rare books display included a selection of items that have recently been worked on by the library team. Over the past year the team have also been preparing the collection for the library’s renovation project, packing up material for specialist storage.

The display was curated by Sophie Floate (Rare Books Cataloguer), Alice Roques (Librarian) and Katherine Knight (Assistant Librarian).

Guard book of 15th century fragments, Hertford College MS 41

Two page opening of MS41 showing part of Versor's commentary on Aristotle. Two columns of manuscript text per page with an illuminated letter on each. Additional marginalia surrounds the columns.

Examples of different sized items attached via guards to the guard book

This is a guard book – a book with ‘guards’ or stubs that various loose sheets are attached to. Bound in 1954, this guard book contains various manuscript (i.e. handwritten) fragments from works made in the 15^th century. Some of these pieces were treated as scrap material and recycled, probably in Oxford, into later bindings for other books. Finally, at a later date, they were rescued from these bindings and preserved in this guard book.

Thanks to the work of Sophie Floate, Hertford’s rare book cataloguer, and the Bodleian Special Collections team, information about this guard book is now available in the free public website that lists manuscripts in Oxford. This means it will be easier for researchers from all over the world to discover.

The volume includes a beautiful section of Johannes Versor’s 15th century Commentary on Aristotle and other works in Latin, German and Italian. There are a number of illuminated initials at the beginnings of columns in Versor’s work, showing very finely detailed and colourful patterns with gold.

View the record for this manuscript in the online Medieval Manuscripts in Oxford Libraries catalogue

Cyrano de Bergerac, The Comical History of the States and Empires of the Worlds of the Moon and Sun, trans. Archibald Lovell, (London, 1687)

Book open to show printed title page and engraved title image of the Comical History.

Close up of page showing text and music score

Hertford’s rare books cataloguer, Sophie, has also been working on the college’s early printed book collections to create online records that meet modern standards. This means that information is being added to the SOLO website about each book, including descriptions of bindings, additional handwritten notes (marginalia) and details of previous owners (provenance). The data is publicly available and searchable, making it easier for our collections to be discovered by researchers.

This book is an English translation of a set of works first published by Cyrano de Bergerac in French. They are recognised as some of the earliest works of science fiction and an influence on authors like Hertford alumnus Jonathan Swift (author of Gulliver’s Travels).

The book was owned by Katherine Blount, who has recorded her name, a date and the price at the front of the book. Sophie’s cataloguing uncovered this previously unrecorded information and she shared her findings further in a blog post for the Early Modern Female Book Ownership project. Subsequent work by other researchers has uncovered further books owned by Blount in other collections, including a manuscript collection of sermons by John Donne (a Hertford alumnus) now housed in the St Paul’s Cathedral Library.

View the record for this book in the online SOLO library catalogue

Set of Astrological Works, 17-18th century

Handwritten contents list of 11 items in bound volume.

Title page of 'Magick & Astrology Vindicated' (1651)

Hertford’s early printed book collections contain a very wide array of subjects. Along with standard theological and classical works, there are also many scientific, geographic and popular texts. Many of the books were owned by other people before they became part of Hertford’s collections. It was common for multiple short works to be gathered together and bound into a single book. Sometime booksellers intentionally sold sets of works bound together but many others were bought individually and bound in an entirely unique combination by their owner. This item is a collection of books about astrology. Each item has its own individual description on the SOLO library catalogue.

The book includes a fold out item showing a hand-coloured, illustrated timeline of the world that goes back to biblical times and into the future. This is a particularly rare item. One other copy is known to exist in the British Library according to the English Short Title Catalogue website.

As well as cataloguing items on SOLO, relevant information about Hertford books is also added to the internationally shared English Short Title Catalogue, which includes works from over 2,000 libraries around the world.

See all items in this volume in the online SOLO library catalogue

Thomas Hyde, De Ludis Orientalibus Libri Duo, (Oxford, 1694)

This history of chess and other games was written by Thomas Hyde (1636-1703), who was a scholar and translator of Asian and Middle Eastern languages and the Bodleian’s Librarian. It has engraved and woodcut pictures and diagrams and is written primarily in Latin but includes excerpts in Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, Sanskrit and Chinese. The book was made in Oxford, on printing presses in the basement of the Sheldonian Theatre.

This copy of the book was loaned to the Oxford University Press Library by Hertford College, along with many other books printed in Oxford. As a result, these books were missed out of the previous printed catalogue of the Hertford collections that was made in the mid-20^th century. These books were catalogued as a priority in the library’s current cataloguing project and records for them are now available in Oxford’s online catalogue, SOLO.

View the record for this item in the SOLO library catalogue

Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, (London, 1613)

Illustrated frontispiece to Poly-Olbion showing a seated woman decorated in a map of England and with sea in the background.

Page of Poly-Olbion with a poetic description of the illustrated frontispiece.

Poet Michael Drayton (1563-1631) collaborated with engraver William Hole and historian John Selden on this 15,000-line poem. The poem tells the story of England and Wales in a series of songs dedicated to counties. The history, legends and geography of the counties are described by transforming natural topological features into characters in a story. Hole contributed engraved maps and Selden provided notes to explain the verses.

Selden (1584-1654) was a student at Hart Hall (a forerunner to Hertford College) and was in his twenties when he wrote the Poly-Olbion’s annotations. He went on to have a career as a lawyer, MP, linguist and historian. Selden was a major collector of books and bequeathed 8,000 books to the Bodleian Library.

View the record for the Poly-Olbion in the online SOLO library catalogue

What has happened to Hertford’s rare books?

Hertford’s rare book collections (and most archives) are temporarily being stored offsite in specialist conservation storage as part of the library building project. Every book sent offsite over the past 12 months has gone through a special process to prepare it for storage. This work has been done by the library staff, with additional support from a brilliant team of trained student employees and volunteers.

Items have been:

Graded for condition and categorised by size.
Gently cleaned using a brush to remove surface dust and dirt.
Details recorded in a temporary database.
Title pages and other unusual features photographed.
Tied using cotton tape (ribbon made out of cotton, not sticky tape!) if parts were damaged.
Wrapped in archival tissue paper.
Placed in a suitable acid-free archival box. Larger books had custom-made boxes that fit them individually.
Securely transported to the specialist storage.

Whilst in offsite storage the use of these resources will be minimised to reduce the risk of damage during transport. Cataloguing and a small number of research consultations and displays will continue.

The Secretum Secretorum of Louis the Great

Post author By
Post date 14 December 2023

Hertford’s rare books cataloguer, Sophie Floate, writes about one of the library’s oldest items: Hertford MS 2. This beautifully illuminated 14th century manuscript was commissioned by King Louis the Great of Hungary.

Hertford College Library has a small number of medieval manuscripts, currently housed at the Bodleian. Hertford College MS 2 is a copy of the ‘Secretum Secretorum’, a pseudo-Aristotelian work with an uncertain background. It purports to be, in part, a series of letters from Aristotle to Alexander the Great, advising him on matters of leadership, statecraft along with a miscellany of medical, health and astrological information. Though early translations claim to be from a lost Greek original, it is now thought more likely to be an Arabic work composed during the 10^th century, known as ‘Sirr al-asrā’. Though it purports to be translated by Yahya ibn al-Bitriq, this is also doubtful. The text of the copy at Hertford was certainly translated from the Arabic by Philip of Tripoli in the 12^th century. By the 14^th century, when this manuscript was produced, the work was very widely read in medieval scholarly circles and there are believed to be over 300 extant medieval copies today.

Hertford College MS 2 was commissioned by Louis the Great, King of Hungary and Croatia (and later Poland) from 1342-1382. Louis succeeded his father as King when he was only 16 and launched many military campaigns during his reign. He evidently showed some interest in cultural affairs too, as after his occupation of Naples he had King Robert’s library brought to him. He commissioned this manuscript and another, the ‘Illuminated Chronicle’ (now in the National Széchényi Library in Budapest), which were both produced in a Hungarian workshop. Miklόs Meggyesi, son of Hertul the court painter of Louis, has traditionally been identified as the illuminator, though there is no real evidence for this.

Many manuscripts copies of ‘Secretum Secretorum’ have illuminations depicting either Aristotle or Alexander, or both, but the Hertford manuscript depicts King Louis instead, on the first folio. It is a ¾ length portrait within an illuminated letter ‘H’; Louis is shown holding a sword and sceptre while his shield has the ostrich-headed crest associated with his reign.

In the lower margins of the page are diamond-shaped heraldic coat of arms – the Hungarian coat of arms on the left, those of Arpad and Angevin in the middle, with those of Poland of the right. Stylistic analysis and comparison with the ‘Illuminated Chronicle’ date this manuscript to the 1360s.

The manuscript has some marginal annotations in a contemporary hand and it has been suggested by Laura Fabian (in her article ‘L’image du roi sage en Occident au XIVe siècle et un exemple concernant la Hongrie à l’époque angevine : le Secretum secretorum de Louis le Grand de Hongrie’, 2018) that these might have been by Louis’ official biographer, John of Küküllő, since he quotes several passages from the ‘Secretum Secretorum’ in his work ‘Chronica Hungarorum’ and some of the passages marked ‘NB’ with a manicule in the manuscript match the sections quoted.

How it came to leave Louis I’s library is unclear; in fact, its journey is completely unknown until it came into the possession of Edmund Hall, a priest who had matriculated at Pembroke College, Oxford, in 1636. Hall left Oxford before finishing his degree in order to fight with the Parliamentarians, returning to Oxford in 1647 after the army became too radicalized for his Presbyterian views. He was the author of several pamphlets and was once imprisoned for his criticism of the government. It’s not clear why he gave this manuscript to Magdalen Hall in 1658 but he is listed in the Benefactors Book as giving the manuscript along with several printed books. The manuscript has marginal notes in a 17^th century hand, presumably that of Hall.

Example page with marginalia in 17th century hand at bottom

Now that this item has been added to the Medieval Manuscripts in Oxford Libraries catalogue, it can be more easily found by researchers. We hope that this will lead to further research into the item and its history.

A Very Serviceable Library

Post author By Katherine
Post date 1 February 2023
No Comments on A Very Serviceable Library

Hertford’s Library has gradually grown over the past two centuries. As the college prepares for a major library rebuild project to create a library fit for the 21^stcentury we look back over some of the key developments in its history.

1820: Magdalen Hall’s dreadful fire

Magdalen Hall was based in a site adjacent to Magdalen College on Oxford’s High Street from its foundation in the late 15^th century to the early 19^th century. A fire in their buildings on the High Street proved the catalyst for its move to Catte Street.

Newspaper cutting entitled 'Destruction of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, by Fire'.

‘I have just time to inform you, that a dreadful fire broke out in Magdalen Hall…this morning, about three o’clock, which totally consumed the whole range of buildings, consisting of about eighteen sets of rooms, in three hours… No lives were lost. All the furniture, books, &c. destroyed. It is supposed to have originated in the room of a young man over the common rooms…’
Source: Morning Chronicle, 11 Jan 1820

Following this fire, which was caused by a student who left a candle burning and fell asleep, Magdalen Hall moved onto the crumbling Catte Street site of Hertford College (previously Hart Hall). In 1874 Magdalen Hall legally became a college of Oxford University and revived the name Hertford College. In the subsequent 200 years the library collections have moved around the sites as storage requirements and members’ needs have changed. The library has never had a purpose built space on the Catte Street site.

Source: Skelton, Oxonia Antiqua Restaurata (1843)

1908: A new chapel

Architect T.G. Jackson designed the new chapel, bridge, dining hall and spiral staircase at Hertford in the early 20^thcentury.

On these plans you can see the new chapel design on the right and the small old chapel on the left, which is now the library. Behind the original chapel is a toilet block (now the site of the library staff office)! Initially the old chapel remained as a single large library room, which would have been a very well lit space.

Building plans for the college in the 20th century, with the chapel pictured. — T.G. Jackson’s architectural drawing for the new Chapel.

‘…Chapel is becoming so famous that the local guides, who used to dismiss Hertford in a single sentence, have found it necessary to add a new speech to their repertoire and to extend their itinerary. This is a mixed blessing, but we may set against it the great though very secular advantages which have resulted from the evacuation of the Old Chapel, which, by the abolition of the ‘horse box’ and the addition of a gallery, has been converted into a very serviceable Library. There is room in it for a surprisingly large number of books, and tables have been provided for the accommodation of readers, who are now admitted at most hours of the day.’
Hertford College Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1910)

Architectural plan of the original chapel before conversion into the library — Jackson plan of the original chapel before conversion into the library

Black and white picture of interior of original Hertford Chapel, looking towards the altar with choir benches on either side — Interior of original Hertford Chapel before it became the library building

Black and white picture of 19th century view of Old Buildings Quad, with rounded top of Radcliffe Camera visible behind stone buildings of quad. — Interior of original Hertford Chapel before it became the library building

The Library keeps on growing

Demand for study space and bookshelves continued right through the 20^th century (and still does today). In the 1960s a library extension was built onto the old building. The space, including the old building, was split into two floors, creating a light-filled first floor and a very dark ground floor. Further extensions were added in the basement levels in the nineties and noughties to meet the continued demand for more space.

Hertford is planning a library rebuild to support many future generations in their academic studies. This project will create additional accessible individual and group study areas, space for the modern book collections, and specialist storage and consultation space for the special collections.

The Early Modern Library

Treasured Donations

Resources and links

Information about our upcoming library renovation project

Rare Books and Archives at Hertford

Hertford Archives’ guide to the history and records of Hart Hall, Magdalen Hall and Hertford College

Tags 19th century, 20th century, Chapel, Library, Magdalen Hall

MS 3: 15th century Arabic texts in translation

Hertford MS 4: astrology and urine

Hertford MS 7: 18th century alchemy

Footnotes

Links

Related posts

Henry Disney & Edward Buck

Building on Success

Head of the River 1881

Guard book of 15th century fragments, Hertford College MS 41

Cyrano de Bergerac, The Comical History of the States and Empires of the Worlds of the Moon and Sun, trans. Archibald Lovell, (London, 1687)

Set of Astrological Works, 17-18th century

Thomas Hyde, De Ludis Orientalibus Libri Duo, (Oxford, 1694)

Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, (London, 1613)

What has happened to Hertford’s rare books?

Links

Related posts

Further reading

Links

Related posts

1820: Magdalen Hall’s dreadful fire

1908: A new chapel

The Library keeps on growing

Related posts

Resources and links

Hertford MS 7: 18^th century alchemy